(and Why Accurate Financial Reporting Depends on Deep Transaction Parsing) Blockchain transactions are often described as “transparent,” but anyone who has attempted to audit a Solana transaction knows the truth: transparency does not equal clarity. A swap, exchanging Token A for Token B, seems simple enough on paper. Yet the moment you dig into an […]
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When the U.S. Treasury and IRS released Revenue Procedure 2025-31, they did more than “green light” staking for Ethereum and Solana ETFs. They told issuers that if they want the comfort of a safe harbor, they have to accept a very real operational constraint: staking rewards, net of trust expenses, need to be pushed out […]
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Valigator and NODE40 Join Forces Staking is evolving. What began as a means to secure decentralized networks has evolved into a multi-billion-dollar industry that now attracts both retail stakers and institutional investors. With this growth comes higher expectations: performance, reliability, and reporting standards that match what investors rely on in traditional finance. Valigator and NODE40 […]
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Why Tokenized Public Equities on Solana Signal a New Market Phase Galaxy and Superstate just put SEC-registered public equity on Solana. That is not a headline about the distant future. It is a live pathway for compliant, programmable ownership with near-instant settlement and a road toward 24/7 markets. This is the kind of milestone that […]
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Why DoubleZero matters Solana’s speed is not only about how fast a validator can compute. It also depends on how quickly clean data reaches the node. The public internet is noisy and uneven; during busy periods validators burn cycles on duplicates and junk, and messages arrive later than they should. That shows up as missed […]
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Introduction In digital assets, coverage sounds impressive. It promises support for many chains and protocols. Auditors do not sign off on coverage lists. They sign off on evidence. On Solana, confidence comes from an evidence chain that starts at the signature, follows every cross-program step, and ends in a schedule that ties out without guesswork. […]
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Reconstructing Time and Ownership Accurate token movement and cost basis depend on two contexts: when the transaction happened and who owned the token accounts involved. Early Solana history sometimes lacks both. This guide explains when timestamps and ownership became reliable and how to rebuild them when they are missing. Abstract If you analyze Solana’s early […]
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A Dive into Solana DeFi Accounting Abstract This article explores how to track user activity on Solana’s MarginFi protocol – specifically, how to identify value deposited into and withdrawn from MarginFi vaults when user-controlled wallets no longer directly hold those assets. While most systems attempt to follow token balances, NODE40 captures financial intent and economic […]
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The world of crypto investing is entering a new era. Over the past several months, global asset managers have been stampeding to file for spot Solana ETFs. What’s different this time isn’t just the desire to hold SOL as an asset, it’s that many of these proposed ETFs are looking to stake their Solana holdings […]
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Abstract On Solana, a stake account is not merely a balance‐holding public key. Each stake account delegates distinct rights to two different authorities, a stake authority and a withdraw authority, allowing separate entities to manage delegation and withdrawals. While this dual‑authority model is powerful for delegation and custody workflows, it shatters the notion that one […]
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Introduction As the blockchain ecosystem matures, companies developing financial products on Solana and emerging Solana Virtual Machine (SVM) blockchains, such as the new FOGO chain, face increasingly complex challenges. These challenges are not just technical but also regulatory, as recent U.S. Treasury and IRS regulations place higher demands on digital asset reporting and compliance. Solana’s […]
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Introduction Solana has emerged as a high-performance network known for its fast transaction speeds and low costs. Validators play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the network, but tracking their financial performance is complex. This case study explores the financial landscape of Solana validators, using an actual validator from Asymmetric Research (AR) for […]
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There are plenty of difficulties tracking Solana, but they generally stem from three categories: Blockchain Size and Cost to Operate When your job is to track and understand any transaction, you need access to the full dataset, which means using an archive node. Solana weighs in at a whopping 300 terabytes and growing at a […]
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